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A HIV-positive patient on anti-retroviral therapy and with chronic hepatitis B gradually developed osteopenia and showed steadily increasing serum creatinine reaching 158 µmol/L [1.8 mg/dL].

Which measure should be taken in this patient?

A. Avoid all nucleo(s)tide analogues in this patient

B. Replace tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with entecavir (ETV)

C. Replace tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in the antiretroviral regimen

D. Switch antiviral therapy to an interferon-based regimen

E. There is no need to change antiretroviral or anti-HBV regimens in this patient

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